 Proses Pembuatan Kalimat
Kalimat merupakan sesuatu yang kalian tulis dan bicarakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Sama halnya dengan bahasa Indonesia, di dalam bahasa Inggris, sebuah kalimat mengandung subjek dan predikat. Misalnya pada kalimat ―I sleep‖, maka subjek pada kalimat tersebut adalah ―I‖ (saya) dan predikatnya adalah ―sleep‖ (tidur).Apabila kalian baru memulai belajar bahasa Inggris, maka tidak perlu memikirkan
kalimat yang rumit pada saat ingin membuat sebuah kalimat. Awalilah dengan kalimat yang sederhana seperti contoh di atas.Jika kalian sudah paham membuat kalimat yang sederhana, lanjutkan dengan
kalimat yang lebih kompleks dengan menambahkan objek. Misalnya ―I sleep too much yesterday‖ (Saya tidur terlalu lama kemarin). Dari kalimat kompleks yang telah dibuat, kalian dapat mengembangkannya menjadi lebih panjang atau menjadi sebuah paragraf. Kalian tinggal menghubungkan kalimat yang telah dibuat dengan kata penghubung (conjunction) untuk membuat paragraf.

 DASAR PERCAKAPAN DAN MENDENGARKAN
Conversation theory regards social systems as symbolic, language-oriented systems where responses depend on one person’s interpretation of another person’s behavior, and where meanings are agreed through conversations. But since meanings are agreed, and the agreements can be illusory and transient, scientific research requires stable reference points in human transactions to allow for reproducible results. Pask found these points to be the understandings which arise in the conversations between two participating individuals, and which he defined rigorously. Conversation theory describes interaction between two or more cognitive systems, such as a teacher and a student or distinct perspectives within one individual, and how they engage in a dialog over a given concept and identify differences in how they understand it. Conversation theory came out of the work of Gordon Pask on instructional design and models of individual learning styles. In regard to learning styles, he identified conditions required for concept sharing and described the learning styles holist, serialist, and their optimal mixture versatile. He proposed a rigorous model of analogy relations. Conversation theory as developed by Pask originated from this cybernetics framework and attempts to explain learning in both living organisms and machines.
The fundamental idea of the theory was that learning occurs through conversations about a subject matter which serves to make knowledge explicit.

 FORMULASI DASAR DISKUSI DAN PRESENTASI
Discussion

One element of conversation is discussion: sharing opinions on subjects that
are thought of during the conversation. In polite society the subject changes before
discussion becomes dispute or controversial. For example, if theology is being
discussed, no one is insisting a particular view be accepted.
Subject
Many conversations can be divided into four categories according to their major
subject content: Subjective ideas, which often serve to extend understanding and
awareness. Objective facts, which may serve to consolidate a widely held view.
Presentation
Self-presentation is behavior that attempts to convey some information about
oneself or some image of oneself to other people. It denotes a class of motivations in
human behavior. These motivations are in part stable dispositions of individuals but
they depend on situational factors to elicit them. Specifically, self-presentational
motivations are activated by the evaluative presence of other people and by others’
(even potential) knowledge of one’s behavior.