SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Simple past tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja sederhana untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau. Pada simple past tense, waktu kejadian (yesterday, last two days, last year) atau periode waktunya (for two months, for a day, for an hour) dapat disebutkan secara spesifik.

Rumus Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense dibentuk dari verb-2 (past tense) atau linking verb “be” (was, were). Apa itu verb-2? Verb-2 merupakan bare infinitive (bentuk dasar verb) dengan tambahan -ed, – en, -d, -t, -n, atau -ne untuk regular verb atau bentuk yang tidak konsisten pada irregular verb.

Was yang merupakan singular verb digunakan pada singular subject (seperti: I, she, he, it, Andi, dan the cat) kecuali “you”, sebaliknya were yang merupakan plural verb digunakan pada plural subject (seperti: you, they, we, Andi and Susi, dan the cats).

Berikut rumus simple past tense untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif.

Jenis Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh Simple Past Tense
positif (+)	S     +     Verb-2     (past     tense) S + be(was/were)	The teacher came
I was a stamp collector
negatif (-)	S + did + not + bare infinitive S + be(was/were) + not	The teacher didn’t come
I wasn’t a stamp collector
interogatif (?)	Did    +    S    +    bare    infinitive be(was/were) + S	Did the teacher come
Was I a stamp collector

Berdasarkan perubahan bentuknya, yaitu dari base form ke past tense dan participle, kata kerja bahasa Inggris dapat dibedakan menjadi regular dan irregular.

Pengertian dan Contoh Regular Verb

Regular Verb, dikenal juga sebagai weak verb, adalah kata kerja dimana bentuk past tense dan participle didapat dengan menambahkan suffix -ed pada base form.

Contoh Perubahan Base Form pada Regular Verb:

Base Form	Past Tense	Past Participle	Arti
Study	studied	studied	Belajar
Walk	walked	walked	Berjalan
Clean	cleaned	cleaned	membersihkan

Berikut daftar common regular verbs (umum digunakan) dan arti beserta beberapa contoh kalimatnya.

Base Form	Present Tense (V1)	Past Tense (V2) / Past         Participle (V3)
accept (menerima)	accepts	accepted
add (menambahkan)	adds	Added
admire (mengagumi)	admired	admired

advise (menasihati)	advises	advised
agree (menyetujui)	agrees	Agreed
allow (mengizinkan)	allows	allowed
announce (menyiarkan)	announces	announced
answer (menjawab)	answers	answered
appear (tampak)	appears	appeared
appreciate (menghargai)	appreciates	appreciated
approve (menyetujui)	approves	approved
arrange (mengatur)	arranges	arranged
arrive (tiba)	arrives	arrived
ask (bertanya)	asks	asked
attend (menghadiri)	attends	attended
avoid (menghindari)	avoids	avoided
bake (memanggang)	bakes	baked
beg (memohon)	begs	begged
boil (merebus)	boils	boiled
borrow (meminjam)	borrows	borrowed
brake (mengerem)	brakes	braked
breathe (bernapas)	breathes	breathed
brush (menyikat)	brushes	brushed
burn (membakar)	burns	burned / burnt
calculate (menghitung)	calculates	calculated
call (memanggil)	calls	called
carry (membawa)	carries	carried
change (mengubah)	changes	changed
check (memeriksa)	checks	checked
chew (mengunyah)	chews	chewed
clean (membersihkan)	cleans	cleaned
collect (mengumpulkan)	collects	collected
command (memerintahkan)	commands	commanded
compare (membandingkan)	compares	compared
complete (melengkapi)	completes	completed
consider (mempertimbangkan)	considers	considered
contain (mengandung)	contains	contained
continue (melanjutkan)	continues	continued
cry (menangis)	cries	cried
damage (merusak)	damages	damaged
decide (memutuskan)	decides	decided
deliver (mengirimkan)	delivers	delivered
develop (mengembangkan)	develops	developed
discover (menemukan)	discovers	discovered
doubt (ragu)	doubts	doubted

dream (bermimpi)	dreams	dreamed / dreamt
dry (mengeringkan)	dries	dried
encourage (menganjurkan)	encourages	encouraged
enjoy (menikmati)	enjoys	enjoyed
enter (memasuki)	enters	entered
expect (mengharapkan)	expects	expected
explain (menjelaskan)	explains	explained
face (menghadapi)	faces	faced
fill (mengisi)	fills	filled
fix (memperbaiki)	fixes	fixed
follow (mengikuti)	follows	followed
force (memaksa)	forces	forced
form (membentuk)	forms	formed
gather (mengumpulkan)	gathers	gathered
grab (mengambil)	grabs	grabbed
guarantee (menjamin)	guarantees	guaranteed
guess (menebak)	guesses	guessed
handle (menangani)	handles	handled
happen (terjadi)	happens	happened
help (membantu)	helps	helped
hope (berharap)	hopes	hoped
hug (memeluk)	hugs	hugged
imagine (membayangkan)	imagines	imagined
improve (memperbaiki)	improves	improved
increase (meningkatkan)	increases	increased
influence (mempengaruhi)	influences	influenced
introduce (memperkenalkan)	introduces	introduced
invite (mengundang)	invites	invited
join (bergabung)	joins	joined
judge (menilai)	judges	judged
jump (melompat)	jumps	jumped
kick (menendang)	kicks	kicked
knock (mengetuk)	knocks	knocked
laugh (tertawa)	laughs	laughed
learn (mempelajari)	learns	learned / learnt
like (menyukai)	likes	liked
listen (mendengarkan)	listens	listened
live (tinggal)	lives	lived
look (melihat)	looks	looked
love (mencintai)	loves	loved
manage (mengelola)	manages	managed
marry (menikahi)	marries	married

measure (mengukur)	measures	measured
move (memindahkan)	moves	moved
need (membutuhkan)	needs	needed
notice (memperhatikan)	notices	noticed
obey (mematuhi)	obeys	obeyed
occur (terjadi)	occurs	occured
offer (menawarkan)	offers	offered
open (membuka)	opens	opened
order (memesan)	orders	ordered
paint (mengecat)	paints	Painted
perform (melakukan)	performs	Performed
plan (merencanakan)	plans	Planned
play (memainkan)	plays	Played
please (menyenangkan)	pleases	Pleased
prefer (lebih suka)	prefers	Prefered
prepare (mempersiapkan)	prepares	Prepared
pretend (berpura-pura)	pretends	Pretended
prevent (mencegah)	prevents	Prevented
produce (menghasilkan)	produces	Produced
promise (berjanji)	promises	Promised
protect (melindungi)	protects	Protected
provide (menyediakan)	provides	Provided
queue (mengantri)	queues	Queued
receive (menerima)	receives	Received
reduce (mengurangi)	reduces	Reduced
refuse (menolak)	refuses	Refused
remember (ingat)	remembers	Remembered
remove (melepas)	removes	Removed
reply (membalas)	replies	Replied
return (kembali)	returns	Returned
search (mencari)	searches	Searched
serve (menyajikan)	serves	Served
smell (mencium)	smells	smelled / smelt
smile (tersenyum)	smiles	Smiled
spell (mengeja)	spells	spelled / spelt
start (memulai)	starts	Started
stay (tinggal)	stays	Stayed
stop (berhenti)	stops	Stopped
suggest (menyarankan)	suggests	Suggested
support (mendukung)	supports	Supported
talk (berbicara)	talks	Talked
taste (mencicipi)	tastes	Tasted

touch (menyentuh)	touches	Touched
train (melatih)	trains	Trained
travel (bepergian)	travels	Travelled
try (mencoba)	tries	Tried
turn (berbelok)	turns	Turned
use (menggunakan)	uses	Used
visit (mengunjungi)	visits	Visited
wait (menunggu)	waits	Waited
walk (berjalan)	walks	Walked
want (ingin)	wants	Wanted
wash (mencuci)	washes	Washed
watch (menonton)	watches	Watched
wish (mengharapkan)	wishes	Wished
wonder (bertanya-tanya)	wonders	Wondered
work (bekerja)	works	Worked
worry (khawatir)	worries	Worried

Berikut daftar common irregular verbs (umum digunakan) dan arti beserta beberapa contoh kalimatnya.

Base Form	Present Tense (V1)	Past Tense (V2)	Past Participle (V3)
arise (muncul)	arises	arose	Arisen
awake (bangun)	awakes	awoke	Awoken
be (verb to be)	am/is/are	was/were	Been
bear (memikul)	bears	bore	Borne
beat (mengalahkan)	beats	beat	Beaten
become (menjadi)	becomes	became	Become
bend (menekuk)	bends	bent	Bent
begin (memulai)	begins	began	Begun
bid (menawar)	bids	bid	Bid
bite (menggigit)	bites	bit	bitten/bit
blow (meniup)	blows	blew	Blown
break (mematahkan)	breaks	broke	Broken
bring (membawa)	brings	brought	Brought
broadcast (menyiarkan)	broadcasts	broadcast	Broadcast
build (membangun)	builds	built	built
buy (membeli)	buys	bought	bought
catch (menangkap)	catches	caught	caught
choose (memilih)	chooses	chose	chosen
come (datang)	comes	came	come
cost (berharga)	costs	cost	cost
creep (merayap)	creeps	crept	crept

cut (memotong)	cuts	cut	cut
dig (menggali)	digs	dug	dug
dive (menyelam)	dives	dived /dove	dived
do (melakukan)	does	did	done
drag (menyeret)	drags	dragged	dragged
draw (menarik)	draws	drew	drawn
dream (memimpikan)	dreams	dreamed /dreamt	dreamt
drink (minum)	drinks	drank	drunk
drive (mengendarai)	drives	drove	driven
drown (menenggelamkan)	drowns	drowned	drowned
eat (makan)	eats	ate	eaten
fall (jatuh)	falls	fell	fallen
feel (merasa)	feels	felt	felt
fight (bertarung)	fights	fought	fought
find (mencari)	finds	found	found
fly (terbang)	flies	flew	flown
forget (lupa)	forgets	forgot	forgotten
forgive (memaafkan)	forgives	forgave	forgiven
freeze (membekukan)	freezes	froze	frozen
get (mendapatkan)	gets	got	got /gotten
give (memberikan)	gives	gave	given
go (pergi)	goes	went	gone
grow (tumbuh)	grows	grew	grown
hang (menggantung)	hangs	hung	hung
have (mempunyai)	have/has	had	had
hear (mendengar)	hears	heard	heard
hide (menyembunyikan)	hides	hid	hidden
hit (memukul)	hits	hit	hit
hold (memegang)	holds	held	held
hurt (menyakiti)	hurts	hurt	hurt
keep (menjaga)	keeps	kept	kept
know (mengetahui)	knows	knew	known
lay (meletakkan)	lays	laid	laid
lead (memimpin)	leads	led	led
leave (meninggalkan)	leaves	left	left
lend (meminjami)	lends	lent	lent
let (membiarkan)	lets	let	let
lie (berbaring)	lies	lay	lain

light (menyalakan)	lights	lit	lit
lose (kehilangan)	loses	lost	lost
make (membuat)	makes	made	made
mean (berarti)	means	meant	meant
meet (menemui)	meets	met	met
pay (membayar)	pays	paid	paid
prove (membuktikan)	proves	proved	proved /proven
put (meletakkan)	puts	put	put
read (membaca)	reads	read	read
ride (mengendarai)	rides	rode	ridden
ring (berdering)	rings	rang	rung
rise (naik)	rises	rose	risen
run (berlari)	runs	ran	run
say (mengatakan)	says	said	said
see (melihat)	sees	saw	seen
seek (mencari)	seeks	sought	sought
sell (menjual)	sells	sold	sold
send (mengirim)	sends	sent	sent
set (mengatur)	sets	set	set
shake (menggoyang)	shakes	shook	shaken
shut (menutup)	shuts	shut	shut
sing (bernyanyi)	sings	sang	sung
sink (tenggelam)	sinks	sank	sunk
sit (duduk)	sits	sat	sat
sleep (tidur)	sleeps	slept	slept
speak (berbicara)	speaks	spoke	spoken
spend (menghabiskan)	spends	spent	spent
spring (meloncat)	springs	sprang	sprung
stand (berdiri)	stands	stood	stood
steal (mencuri)	steals	stole	stolen
sting (menyengat)	stings	stung	stung
strike (menyerang)	strikes	struck	struck
swear (bersumpah)	swears	swore	sworn
swim (berenang)	swims	swam	swum
swing (mengayun)	swings	swung	swung
take (mengambil)	takes	took	taken
teach (mengajar)	teaches	taught	taught
tear (merobek)	tears	tore	torn
tell (mengatakan)	tells	told	told
think (berpikir)	thinks	tought	tought

throw (membuang)	throws	threw	thrown
understand (mengerti)	understands	understood	understood
use (menggunakan)	uses	used	used
wake (bangun)	wakes	woke /waked	woken /waked /woke
wear (memakai)	wears	wore	worn
win (menang)	wins	won	won
write (menulis)	writes	wrote	written

LESSON 6 PREPOSITION

Secara umum kita bisa mengelompokkan prepositions kedalam tiga kelompok yaitu Prepositions of Time, Prepositions of Place dan Other Prepositions.

Preposition of place

Definisi dari preposition of place adalah kata depan yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan tempat atau letak subjek/benda dan diikuti objek/benda lain yang dapat menjelaskan sesuatu. Penjelasan dan makna Preposition of place

Under : Menunjukkan posisi di bawah/ lebih rendah / di dalam tanah Contoh : Your ball is under the chair.

Over : Menunjukkan posisi benda di atas, yang kebih tinggi dari yang lainnya, lebih dari (jumlah tertentu atau kuantitas)

Contoh :

Toni hangs the picture over the table.

Over three year, he becomes more diligent.

In : Menunjukkan posisi benda di dalam suatu tempat atau ruang. Contoh : The mouse is in the box.

On : Menunjukkan posisi benda di atas benda yang memiliki permukaan. Contoh : My book is on the table

In front of : Menunjukkan posisi benda berada di depan suatu benda atau orang, dll Contoh : A handsome boy stands in front of me

Behind : Menunjukkan posisi benda berada di belakang benda lain. Contoh : The motor cicle is behind the bus.

Next to/ beside : Menunjukkan posisi benda berada di samping atau di sebelah. Contoh : She is standing next to her new car.

Between : Menunjukkan posisi benda diantara dua benda/lebih. Contoh : I sit between Afis and Kevin.

Near to : Menunjukkan posisi benda dekat yang memiliki jarak. Contoh : He looking for a apartment near to his office.

Selain digunakan untuk Preposition of time. Preposition At, In, On juga bisa digunakan

untuk preposition of place dalam situasi seperti di bawah ini.

At

The top bottom (of page)

Contoh : Sign your name at the top/ bottom. Direction (arah)

Contoh : Turn left at the traffic lights/ round about/ end of the street. Position ( next to something)

Contoh : He stands to wait at the traffic light/ corner/ tree. The front / the back

Contoh : I wrote my name at the front/ back of the book. The beginning / the end

Contoh : What happened at the beginning/ end of the film ? Events (peristiwa)

Contoh : I saw him at a party/ conference/ football match. Buildings (gedung)

Contoh : I’ll meet you at the airport/ the station/ home.

In

Negara

Contoh : We live in Indonesia. Kota

Contoh : I live in Kediri. Desa

Contoh : Mr Nuril lives in Kandangan. Dunia

Contoh : It’s the highest building in the world.

Gunung

Contoh : They have a cottage in the mountains.

Bukit/Lembah

Contoh : He has villa in a valley. Gedung

Contoh : She works in a bank. Air

Contoh : Don’t swim in the sea ! Don’t throw rubbish in the river ! Don’t take a bath in the lake !

Tengah

Contoh : He lives in the middle of Paris. Pusat

Contoh : Dona stays in the city centre. Buku

Contoh : I find information in the book. Film

Contoh : The actor acts in romantic film. Newspaper

Contoh : I read about it in the newspaper.

On

Wall (Dinding), Ceiling (atap), Door (pintu), floor (lantai)

Contoh : She hung the picture on the ceiling/the wall/the door.

He puts his shoes on the floor. Surfaces (permukaan)

Contoh : There’s a dirty mark on the page/ table.

The front/ side/ back

Contoh : There’s a label in on the left. Floors (lantai)

Contoh : My office is on the second floor. List/ Menu

Contoh : What’s on the menu?

Did you buy everything on the list ? Road (jalan)

Contoh : I live on Kawi street.

The nearest gas station is on the motorway. The post box is on the way to work.

She lives on the coast. Natural lines and borders

London is on the River Thames.

Contoh lain penggunaan Preposition at, in, on dalam kalimat

1. He studies on the first floor.
2. He works in the city centre.
3. He lives in Park street.
4. There are no vegetarian meals on the menu.
5. The picture is on the wall.
6. The prince died at the end of the film.
7. Turn right at the end of this street.
8. There’s something written on the side of the box.
9. Jerry is standing at the back of the queve.
10. Your name is at the top of the list.

1. I live next to a railway line.
2. Your wallet is right in front of you.
3. We rented a car in Surabaya.
4. I met Helena at the butcher’s today.
5. I met Helena in the butcher’s today.
6. The school is on town square.
7. Sorry I missedd you. I was at a meeting.
8. Can you sign your name at the bottom please !
9. She lives in a farm in the montains. 20.The office is on the main road between hotel and departement store.

Pengertian preposisi waktu (preposition of time)

Preposisi waktu adalah kata depan yang digunakan dalam suatu kalimat guna untuk menandakan waktu. Kata-kata depan yang termasuk dalam preposisi waktu antara lain:

• On: pada
  • In: saat
  • At: pada
  • Since: sejak
  • For: untuk
  • During: selama
  • Before: sebelum
  • After: setelah
  • By: saat
  • To: hingga
  • Until: hingga

Untuk lebih jelasnya, perhatikan contoh dari preposition of time dalam Bahasa Inggris berikut ini berdasarkan jenisnya!

1.  On

Kata depan “on” biasanya diletakkan di depan hari, waktu tertentu, tanggal, serta hari-hari besar.

Contoh kalimat Preposition Time “on”

• On Sunday, I will visit my grandparents.

(Pada hari Minggu, saya akan mengunjungi kakek dan nenek.) On Sunday = hari

• I have music class on Saturday afternoon. (Saya memiliki kelas musik di hari Sabtu sore.)

On Saturday = hari

• Indonesia’s independence day is on 17 August 1945

(Hari kemerdekaan Indonesia adalah pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945.) On 17 August 1945 = tanggal

• Sheila will go travelling on New Year Eve. (Sheila akan pergi berlibur pada tahun baru.)

On New Year Eve = hari besar

Contoh kalimat Preposition Time “on” lainnya

• They will held a football tournament on Sunday evening

(Mereka akan menyelenggarakan turnamen sepakbola pada hari Minggu sore.)

• I will confess my love to Lucy on Valentine’s day.

(Saya akan menyatakan cinta kepada Lucy pada hari kasih sayang.)

• We will come on July 3rd.

(Kami akan datang pada tanggal 3 Juli.)

• They will start cooking class on Saturday evening.

(Mereka akan memulai pelajaran memasak pada hari Sabtu sore.)

2.  In

Kata depan “in” biasanya diletakkan di depan kata-kata yang menunjukkan bulan, musim, tahun, rentang waktu, dan sebagainya.

Contoh kalimat Preposition Time “in”

• Karin will celebrate her birthday in June.

(Karin akan merayakan ulang tahunnya di bulan Juni.) In June = bulan

• In Autumn, the leaves start to fall down.

(Di musim gugur, daun-daun mulai berjatuhan.) In Autumn = musim

• In 1945, the people of Indonesia enjoyed freedom through independence. (Pada tahun 1945, orang-orang Indonesia menikmati kebebasan melalui kemerdekaan.)

In 1945 = tahun

• The show will start in 45 minutes.

(Pertunjukkan itu akan dimulai dalam waktu 45 menit.) In 45 minutes= menunjukkan rentang waktu.

Contoh kalimat Preposition time “in” lainnya

• I will get mad if you do not fetch me in 15 minutes.

(Saya akan marah jika kamu belum menjemput saya dalam waktu 15 menit.)

• The flower will bloom in spring.

(Bunga-bunga akan bermekaran di musim semi.)

• That company will be holding a bazaar in January. (Perusahaan itu akan mengadakan bazar di bulan Januari.)

3.  At

Kata depan “at” diletakkan di depan kata-kata yang menunjukkan waktu tertentu ataupun

jam.

Contoh kalimat Preposition time “at”

• He will take a nap at noon.

(Ia akan tidur siang pada siang hari.) At noon = waktu tertentu

• I will finish my class at 7 pm

(Kelas saya akan selesai pada pukul 7 malam.) At 7 pm = menunjukkan jam.

Contoh kalimat Preposition time “at” lainnya

• She usually go to work at 7 o’clock.

(Ia biasanya pergi bekerja pada pukul 7 malam.)

• Please meet your teacher in front of the class at noon. (Tolong temui gurumu di depan kelas pada sore hari.)
  • Lee Min Ho’s concert will start at 7 pm straight. (Konser Lee Min Ho akan dimulai pada pukul 7 tepat.)

4.  Since

Kata depan since diletakkan di depan kata-kata yang menunjukkan waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Contoh kalimat Preposition time “since”

• That building has been demolished since 1978. (Bangunan itu telah dirobohkan sejak tahun 1978.)

Since 1978 = waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

• Sheila has not been feeling well since yesterday evening. (Sheila merasa tidak enak badan sejak sore kemarin.)

Since yesterday evening = waktu tertentu di masa lampau

• She has been studying in that prestigious campus since January 2016

(Ia telah belajar di kampus bergengsi itu sejak bulan Januari tahun 2016.) since January 2016 = waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Contoh kalimat Preposition time “since”

• Lisa has been my best friend since 2 years ago.

(Lisa telah menjadi teman baik saya sejak 2 tahun yang lalu.)

• It has been 3 years since my last trip to Europe.

(3 tahun telah berlalu sejak perjalanan terakhirku ke Eropa.)

• Since last year, I have been moving to France. (Sejak tahun lalu, saya telah pindah ke Prancis.)

5.  For

Kata depan “for” diletakkan di depan kata-kata yang menunjukkan rentang waktu.

Contoh kalimat Preposition time “for”

• Rudy have waited Lisa for 2 hours.

(Rudy telah menunggu Lisa selama 2 jam.)

For 2 hours = rentang waktu yang digunakan Rudy untuk menunggu Lisa.

Contoh kalimat Preposition of time “for” lainnya

• I have been preparing for 3 hours in order to perform my best in that competition. (Saya telah mempersiapkan selama 3 jam demi menampilkan yang terbaik dalam kompetisi itu.)
  • My cousin will be visiting me for 3 weeks starting today.

(Sepupu saya akan mengunjungi saya selama 3 minggu mulai dari hari ini.)

• I have been practising flute for 2 days. (Saya telah berlatih seruling selama 2 hari.)

6.  During

Kata depan “during” diletakkan di depan kata-kata yang menunjukkan kondisi tertentu dan juga waktu.

Contoh kalimat Preposition time “during”

• During summer next year, I will spend my holiday in Europe.

(Selama musim panas tahun depan, saya akan menghabiskan liburan saya di Eropa.) During summer next year = waktu.

• I will return home during school break.

(Saya akan kembali ke rumah selama masa liburan sekolah.) During school break = kondisi tertentu.

Contoh kalimat Preposition time “during” lainnya

• During my childhood time, I lived with my grandparents. (Selama masa kecil saya, saya tinggal dengan kakek dan nenek.)
  • During my school time, I was a bad student.

(Selama masa sekolahku, aku adalah seorang murid bandel.)

• She received a lot of supports during her reign.

(Ia menerima banyak dukungan selama masa pemerintahnnya.)

7.  Before

Kata depan “before” diletakkan di depan kata-kata yang menunjukkan waktu dan situasi. Contoh kalimat Preposition time “before”:

• Before I go to bed, I will pray.

(Sebelum saya pergi tidur, saya akan berdoa.) Before I go to bed = situasi tertentu yaitu sebelum tidur

• I will move to France before Christmas this year.

(Saya akan pindah ke Prancis sebelum hari Natal tahun ini.) Before Christmas this year = waktu

Contoh kalimat preposition time “before” lainnya

• Before eating, you better wash your hand.

(Sebelum makan, kamu lebih baik mencuci tanganmu.)

• I will fetch you before it starts to rain. (Saya akan menjemputmu sebelum hujan.)
  • You must be at home before 9 o’clock.

(Kamu harus berada di rumah sebelum jam 9 malam.)

8.  After

Kata depan “after” seringkali diletakkan sebelum kata-kata yang menunjukkan kejadian, situasi dan jam.

Contoh kalimat preposition time “after”

• You should pay your debt after received salary.

(Kamu harus membayar utangmu setelah menerima gaji.) After received salary: situasi

• After World War II, the city’s condition was becoming worse and worse. (Setelah Perang Dunia ke-II, kondisi kota itu semakin memburuk.)

After World War II: kejadian

• I will meet you after 9 o’clock.

(Saya akan menjumpaimu setelah jam 9.) After: jam

Contoh kalimat preposition time “after” lainnya

• You will need to clean your bed after woke up.

(Kamu perlu membersihkan tempat tidurmu setelah bangun pagi.)

• The meeting will start after the board director arrived. (Rapat itu akan dimulai setelah para direktur datang.)
  • Your curfew is after 10 pm.

(Jam malammu adalah setelah pukul 10 malam.)

• After the crisis passed, their life has become better.

(Setelah krisis tersebut terlewati, kehidupan mereka semakin membaik.)

9.  By

Kata depan “by” digunakan untuk mengekspresikan hingga waktu tertentu. Contoh kalimat preposition time “by”:

• I will arrive by the time you arrived. (Saya akan tiba di saat kamu tiba.)

By the time you arrived: mengekspresikan waktu tertentu. Contoh kalimat preposition time “by” lainnya:

• Sheila will give you a call by tomorrow morning. (Sheila akan meneleponmu besok pagi.)
  • By Sunday, I will have studied till chapter 3.

(Hingga hari Minggu, saya sudah akan belajar sampai bab 3.)

• I will arrive at Medan by 6 o’clock.

(Saya akan sampai di Medan pada pukul 6.)

10.  To

Kata depan “to” berfungsi untuk menunjukkan dari waktu tertentu hingga waktu tertentu.

Contoh kalimat preposition time “to”

• I will prepare our dinner from 6 to 7 o’clock, so do not disturb me at that time! (Saya akan mempersiapkan makan malam kita dari pukul 6 hingga 7, jadi jangan menganggu saya selama waktu tersebut!
  • It is five minutes to six o’clock.

(Ini menjelang 5 menit menuju pukul 6.)

• The class will start at 7 am to 8 am.

(Kelas akan dimulai pada pukul 7 hingga 8 pagi.)

11.  Until

Kata depan “until” berfungsi untuk mengekspresikan berapa lama suatu hal akan berlangsung.

Contoh kalimat preposition time “until” :

• I will run until the end of road.

(Saya akan berlari hingga ujung jalan.)

• I do not want to talk to her until she calls me first

(Saya tidak ingin berbicara dengannya hingga dia memanggil saya terlebih dulu.)

• He will be staying here until the end of next week. (Ia akan tinggal di sini hingga akhir minggu depan.)
  • Mr.John lived in that house until 2017.

(Tuan John tinggal di rumah itu hingga tahun 2017.)

Other Prepositions

Preposition	Explanation	Example
from	used to show the origin of something or someoneused to show the material of which something is madeused to show a change in the state of someone or something	“Where are you from?” “I’m from Italy.” The desk is made from pine.Things went from bad to worse.
Of	used to show possession, belonging or originused after words or phrases expressing amount, number or particular unit	a friend of minea kilo of apples
by	used to show the person or thing that does something:	I’m reading some short stories (written) by Chekhov.
On	used for showing some methods of travellingentering a public transport vehicle	It’d be quicker to get there on foot / on horse get on the train

Preposition	Explanation	Example
in	entering a car / Taxi	She got in the car and drove fast.
Off	leaving a public transport vehicle	She got off the bus
out of	leaving a closed vehicle, building…	She got out of the car
by	used to show measurements or amountstravelling (other than walking or horseriding)	Their wages were increased by 12%.She went by car, by bus, by train
at	Age	In theory, women can still have children at the age of 50.
About	on the subject of; connected with	What’s that book about?